Robert D. Putnam is the Peter and Isabel Malkin Professor of Public Policy. He has served as chairman of Harvard's Department of Government, Director of the Center for International Affairs, and Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government. He is author or co-author of eight books and more than thirty scholarly articles published in ten languages, including Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? (2000); Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (1993); Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics (1993); Hanging Together: The Seven-Power Summits (1984); Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies (1981); Comparative Study of Political Elites (1976); and Beliefs of Politicians (1973). Professor Putnam was educated at Swarthmore College, Balliol College, Oxford; and Yale University, and has received honorary degrees from Swarthmore and Stockholm University. He has taught at the University of Michigan and served on the staff of the National Security Council.